[CHORE]: Fix jupyter deps issue - #5694

Issue

There's a CI failure on main caused by the Jupyter Python dependencies used to build the Jupyterlab extension.

The ultimate failure seems to be caused by a recent change in jupyterlab-builder which doesn't properly account for the || specifier in package.json deps.

However, the reason we're hitting that code path in the first place is due to this warning, and the special handling added as a result:

@jupyterlab/core-meta was not found in node_modules. This extension declares
a devDependency on @jupyterlab/builder@4.3.6 || ^3.6.8, which is a legacy package
so core-meta 4.3.6 || ^3.6.8 will be used instead of the latest release. 
To avoid this, add @jupyter/builder as a devDependency instead of @jupyterlab/builder.

Description of change

• Use "@jupyter/builder": "^1.2.2", rather than "@jupyterlab/builder": "^4.3.6 || ^3.6.8", in package.json
• Use the command jupyter-builder build rather than jupyter labextension build
• Use jupyter-builder rather than jupyter in the [dev_build] extra in pyproject.toml
  • Thanks to the above changes, now only jupyter-builder is required to build the extension, and it's over an order of magnitude smaller than jupyterlab
  • Add jupyter to the [dev_optional] extra since it's still required for some of the tests
  • Rebuild JavaScript artifacts
  • Update package-lock.json and uv.lock

Testing strategy

• Check out this PR
• Create a new venv
• Run:

uv sync --extra dev_build
cd js
npm ci && npm run build

Make sure the extension builds without error.

Then, verify that the built extension works in Jupyter:

• Run uv pip install -e .
• Run jupyter notebook
• In the Jupyter web interface, create a new notebook and paste the following code:

## FIRST CELL: TESTING FIG.SHOW()
import plotly
import plotly.graph_objects as go

fig = go.Figure(data=go.Scatter(x=[1, 2, 3, 4], y=[1, 3, 2, 4]))
fig.show()  # Figure should render in notebook

## SECOND CELL: TESTING FIGUREWIDGET
import plotly
import plotly.graph_objects as go

print(plotly.__version__)  # Make sure version is correct
fig = go.Figure(data=go.Scatter(x=[1, 2, 3, 4], y=[1, 3, 2, 4]))
figure_widget = go.FigureWidget(fig)
figure_widget  # Figure should render in notebook

Make sure both figures render in the notebook.

Guidelines

• I have reviewed the pull request guidelines and the Code of Conduct and confirm that this PR follows them.
• I have added an entry to the changelog if needed (not required for documentation PRs).